Abstract
We tested whether horizontal cells (HCs) provide feedback that regulates the Ca2+ current (ICa) of rods in salamander and mouse retinas. In both species, hyperpolarizing HCs by puffing a glutamate antagonist, 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), onto HC processes caused a negative shift in the voltage dependence of rod ICa and increased its peak amplitude. Conversely, depolarizing HCs by puffing kainic acid (KA) into the outer plexiform layer (OPL) caused a positive voltage shift and decreased rod ICa. Experiments on salamander retina showed that these effects were blocked by addition of the pH buffer, Hepes. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was examined in rods by confocal microscopy after loading salamander and mouse retinal slices with Fluo-4. Rods were depolarized to near the dark resting potential by bath application of high K+ solutions. Hyperpolarizing HCs with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo[f] quinoxaline (NBQX) enhanced high K+-evoked Ca2+ increases whereas depolarizing HCs with KA inhibited Ca2+ increases. In both species these effects of NBQX and KA were blocked by addition of Hepes. Thus, like HC feedback in cones, changes in HC membrane potential modulate rod ICa thereby regulating rod [Ca2+]i at physiological voltages, in both mouse and salamander retinas. By countering the reduced synaptic output that accompanies hyperpolarization of rods to light, HC feedback will subtract spatially averaged luminance levels from the responses of individual rods to local changes. The finding that HC to rod feedback is present in both amphibian and mammalian species shows that this mechanism is highly conserved across vertebrate retinas.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2353-2364 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Physiology |
| Volume | 587 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - May 28 2009 |
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Horizontal cell feedback regulates calcium currents and intracellular calcium levels in rod photoreceptors of salamander and mouse retina. / Babai, Norbert; Thoreson, Wallace B.
In: Journal of Physiology, Vol. 587, No. 10, 28.05.2009, p. 2353-2364.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Horizontal cell feedback regulates calcium currents and intracellular calcium levels in rod photoreceptors of salamander and mouse retina
AU - Babai, Norbert
AU - Thoreson, Wallace B
PY - 2009/5/28
Y1 - 2009/5/28
N2 - We tested whether horizontal cells (HCs) provide feedback that regulates the Ca2+ current (ICa) of rods in salamander and mouse retinas. In both species, hyperpolarizing HCs by puffing a glutamate antagonist, 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), onto HC processes caused a negative shift in the voltage dependence of rod ICa and increased its peak amplitude. Conversely, depolarizing HCs by puffing kainic acid (KA) into the outer plexiform layer (OPL) caused a positive voltage shift and decreased rod ICa. Experiments on salamander retina showed that these effects were blocked by addition of the pH buffer, Hepes. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was examined in rods by confocal microscopy after loading salamander and mouse retinal slices with Fluo-4. Rods were depolarized to near the dark resting potential by bath application of high K+ solutions. Hyperpolarizing HCs with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo[f] quinoxaline (NBQX) enhanced high K+-evoked Ca2+ increases whereas depolarizing HCs with KA inhibited Ca2+ increases. In both species these effects of NBQX and KA were blocked by addition of Hepes. Thus, like HC feedback in cones, changes in HC membrane potential modulate rod ICa thereby regulating rod [Ca2+]i at physiological voltages, in both mouse and salamander retinas. By countering the reduced synaptic output that accompanies hyperpolarization of rods to light, HC feedback will subtract spatially averaged luminance levels from the responses of individual rods to local changes. The finding that HC to rod feedback is present in both amphibian and mammalian species shows that this mechanism is highly conserved across vertebrate retinas.
AB - We tested whether horizontal cells (HCs) provide feedback that regulates the Ca2+ current (ICa) of rods in salamander and mouse retinas. In both species, hyperpolarizing HCs by puffing a glutamate antagonist, 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), onto HC processes caused a negative shift in the voltage dependence of rod ICa and increased its peak amplitude. Conversely, depolarizing HCs by puffing kainic acid (KA) into the outer plexiform layer (OPL) caused a positive voltage shift and decreased rod ICa. Experiments on salamander retina showed that these effects were blocked by addition of the pH buffer, Hepes. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was examined in rods by confocal microscopy after loading salamander and mouse retinal slices with Fluo-4. Rods were depolarized to near the dark resting potential by bath application of high K+ solutions. Hyperpolarizing HCs with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo[f] quinoxaline (NBQX) enhanced high K+-evoked Ca2+ increases whereas depolarizing HCs with KA inhibited Ca2+ increases. In both species these effects of NBQX and KA were blocked by addition of Hepes. Thus, like HC feedback in cones, changes in HC membrane potential modulate rod ICa thereby regulating rod [Ca2+]i at physiological voltages, in both mouse and salamander retinas. By countering the reduced synaptic output that accompanies hyperpolarization of rods to light, HC feedback will subtract spatially averaged luminance levels from the responses of individual rods to local changes. The finding that HC to rod feedback is present in both amphibian and mammalian species shows that this mechanism is highly conserved across vertebrate retinas.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=65749116418&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=65749116418&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.169656
DO - 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.169656
M3 - Article
C2 - 19332495
AN - SCOPUS:65749116418
VL - 587
SP - 2353
EP - 2364
JO - Journal of Physiology
JF - Journal of Physiology
SN - 0022-3751
IS - 10
ER -